My Understanding of Feminism Essay Example for Free

My Understanding of Feminism Essay My understanding of feminism has increased greatly due to the material and discussions in this course. When this course first started I had a small general idea of what feminism was. I always assumed it had to deal with womens rights and movement, mostly about the African-American movements. I had no idea that feminism tied into so many different subjects throughout history and even the present day. This course also had a broad overview with many different types of readings. The readings, along with the discussions generated a more in depth view n particular topics. Although I had a general knowledge of some of the topics, other topics were completely new to me and I found them very interesting. For example, the topic about the native settlers that were forced from their native land by the Europeans, specifically about the Beothuck people of Newfoundland. One unit that really sparked my interest was Unit 1 1: Advertising Culture and the Commodification of the body. I think that this unit was very intriguing, as I have always wondered bout how and why the media portrays women the way they do. This idea of Fat women has become such a profitable topic in the media. The article by Lisa Ayuso l look Fat in this portrayed an excellent view from women who often feel ashamed of their body because it is not the perfect body that is plastered all over the media. Another unit that I thoroughly enjoyed was Unit 8: Diasporas. I enjoyed reading other students posts on how they feel about Newfoundland culture and its traditional items. Many students registered in this course are from Newfoundland, so the shared culture among us with the different viewpoints, I found really interesting. This course has not changed my view or position on a particular issue. I have increased my knowledge and have broadened my views on many topics. One particular issue that came to a complete shock to me was about the forced sterilization of young black women. Especially about the doctor that tricked the mother into signing a waiver to do this to her daughters, I was in disbelief. Also, the trials and tribulations the young women had to go through to get an abortion. Abortion is still a sensitive topic today, but the views of it have changed a lot from the past. One thing that I dont quite understand is Liberalism. It has come up in many of the readings, but I still seem to fully understand exactly what it is. Can anyone elaborate more on this for me? But overall this course has provided me with a deeper insight about feminism. My Understanding of Feminism By SexyNewfle

Morals And Psychological Aspects in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Morals And Psychological Aspects in Jane Eyre Jane Eyre takes the idea of a fairy tale a step further by adding psychological aspects to the story. Jane did the right thing in regards to marrying Mr. Rochester because "what is [considered] morally wrong cannot be psychologically right." In other words, Jane's moral values told her what Mr. Rochester had done wrong. Because of this she cannot "psychologically" go along with it as if nothing was wrong. Psyche and morals both are products of the mind. The mind may consider both options, but it ultimately will choose the option which adheres to its moral foundation. Jane's morals include honesty, justice, and friendship. Her past experiences strongly support this moral foundation. As a child she was constantly accused of being dishonest. Mrs. Reed even informed Mr. Brocklehurst that she was deceitful when she met with him before sending her off to school. She tells him that he should "keep a strict eye on her, and, above all, guard against her worst fault, a tendency to deceit." This both infuriated and crushed Jane. She through experiences such as these came to hate the idea of deceit along with anyone who practiced it. In addition, Jane never saw justice. No matter how obvious it was that John or one of his sisters were at fault Jane was always blamed. By looking at Jane's moral values it becomes apparent what Rochester has, in Jane's eyes, done wrong. He was deceitful in many ways. For one, he didn't tell Jane that he was already married when he asked her to marry him. Big mistake! He also pretended that he was in love with and going to marry Blanche Ingram so that he could make Jane jealous. Even though Jane loves Mr.

Shouldice Hospital

Question 1. How successful is the Shouldice Hospital? Generate a P&L statement using available information from the case. Treat each of the two operations – hospital and the surgery – separately Compared to other medical institutions that provide a wide array of medical procedures, Shouldice Hospital specializes in one procedure for patients that suffer from abdominal hernias. This specialization allows each doctor at Shouldice Hospital to perform approximately 600 hernia surgeries per year, while doctors at other institutions only perform 25-50 hernia surgeries per year.As a result, the â€Å"Shouldice Method† has been perfected to an unparalleled level for the well-being of the patient. The typical Shouldice patient only experience s 5 days of required recovery time after their surgery, while hernia patients from other institutions typically experience 10 days of recovery time. This expedited recovery time is due to the level of active physical rehabilitation t hat Shouldice Hospital expects from their patients.Walking and socializing with others is expected, and Shouldice Hospital has proven that these actions significantly aid in the healing process due to the improvement of the positive mental attitude of the patient. The specialization in one particular procedure as well as the 4 day recovery time allows Shouldice Hospital to offer their surgical procedure at a lower cost than other institutions. This is because Shouldice Hospital has lower overhead costs associated with labor and has fewer investments in capital expenditures since they do not have the wide array of machinery and equipment that you might see at a typical institution.This savings is passed along to the patient, as Shouldice procedures typically cost $954 ($111 * 4 days + $450 + $60) while other institutions typically charge $2,000 to $4,000 for the same procedure. Additionally, the extremely low turnover rate a Shouldice Hospital demonstrates that this institution is no t only a success for the patient, but also to the hospital staff. This level of devotion among the medical staff benefits both the hospital as well as the patients, since seasoned professionals are retained within the institution.In return for their professional service the hospital provides their employees with a great work/life balance as well as financial rewards in the form of bonuses and profit sharing programs. Lastly, Shouldice Hospital completes hernia surgeries with a lower recurrence rate than traditional hospitals. Due to their specialization in this field of surgery, patients experience complications and require follow-up appointments less than 1% of the time, while traditional hospitals in the United States typically saw around a 10% reoccurrence rate.This is a great example of how Shouldice Hospital is a leader in their field and the 99% success rate is a great indicator of the overall successfulness of the organization. Please see below for the P&L statements for the Hospital and Clinic Operations: Question 2. How do you account for its successful performance? The Shouldice Hospital prides itself in excelling at the hernia with remarkable results in patients, while providing care at a low price, operating at a low costs, and achieving high profits. By analyzing the patients, the staff, and the service delivery system, one could observe the factors to this hospital’s success.First, the hospital adopts a stringent and comprehensive patient screening system that minimizes the risk to the hospital. Questionnaires are sent to potential patients and the hospital uses the responses to determine the risk level associated, thus allowing the hospital to properly anticipate and mitigate foreseen risks or avoid them in general, as in the case of internal hernias or overweight problems, which would be rejected before admittance. Another factor to success lies in the patients themselves. Patients are encouraged to be active, sociable, and self-sufficie nt to a certain extent in order to speed up recovery.This helps in reducing the level of oversight required from the nurses and also improves turnover. Furthermore, the operation method is world-class because it provides a more reinforced muscle wall in the abdomen and also the avoidance of general anesthetic unless absolutely required. This allows the patients to recover sooner and to experience less discomfort or nausea that is often associated with the aftermath of general anesthetic, which thus lets the patients to be active sooner as well; also, the limited use ofgeneral anesthetic reduces the need to staff more anesthetists, who are expensive at a rate of $300/day, and also reduces the cost of operation for the patients. When patients are more self-sufficient in the recovery process, less oversight from the staff is required and the staff is freed up from mundane tasks such as changing sheets or changing bedpans but could focus more time on counseling the patients to help them recover. This also leads to lower cost in laundry, housekeeping, and nursing.When costs are kept low and well maintained, salaries offered to staff are able to be more competitive than comparable jobs in the area. When employees are properly compensated, they could focus on the tasks at hand and not have to worry about financial issues or leaving the hospital to look for higher-paying positions. Furthermore, another factor to the hospital’s success is the doctors they hire. The doctors are highly productive and are able to perform 600 or more operations a year, while a typical surgeon elsewhere averages around 25 to 50 operations.They are also able to share an expensive resource, which is the anesthetist, to help alleviate the cost of operation. Lastly, the doctors experience low turnover, as do the nurses, because they are given opportunities to learn and improve on their skills via training in the Shouldice technique. In addition to the benefit of low turnover, proper trai ning and continuous improvement allows for standardization of the method of operation and minimizes flaws or defects. Lastly, the success of the hospital is attributed to the facility and the culture it fosters.The hospital encourages interaction between staff members and patients. Hospital staff is encouraged to eat together in the dining room and pick up their meals from the kitchen; hospital administrator is trained to be multi-functional and can pitch in to help one and other during peak times. To encourage interaction and activity among the patients, the hospital offers acres of gardens, uses carpeting to avoid the typical smell of disinfectant, modifies the stairways to allow the patients to be able to climb up after operations, and places entertainment in a common room to encourage patients to walk around and socialize.These factors help provide an uplifting, supportive environment that leads to happy staff and healthier patients. Question 3. Prepare a Process Flow Diagram fr om arrival through surgery and determine the capacities at each stage. For this diagram, only indicate major points in the process, e. g. , admitting, examination, operating room, surgeries, etc. Use the actual hours of operation for each step in the process to determine the capacity of each step. What is the bottleneck?Based on the calculations below, the available beds for patients is the current bottleneck for the hernia operation process. This portion of the process would be the bottleneck if only the 89 beds were utilized and also if the 14 hospital beds were also utilized. Question 4. Do a detailed analysis of potential on-site capacity expansion alternatives (on a per week basis). Assume an average of 3. 5 days stay at the hospital for each patient, including surgery, and Sunday Admits. This means that half the patients spend three days while the other half spends four days.Assumption: $450 surgical fee / patient; 20% of patients receive general anesthetics; 3. 5 days avg sta y; 50 work weeks per yr a. Current Situation (103 beds = 89 beds + 14 hostel rooms) Current Theoretical Capacity = 148 patients / week Current Average Throughput = 6,850 opeartions / 50 weeks = 137 patients / week b. Add 45 more beds (no need for using 14 hostel rooms) †¢New Theoretical Capacity= 191 patients / week oThe new addition would increase theoretical capacity by 29% from 148 to 191 patients / week.†¢New Average Throughput = (137 * 191) / 148 = 177 patients / week †¢New throughput – Current throughput = 177 patients / week – 137 patients / week = +40 patients / week †¢# of additional patients per year = 40 patients / week * 50 weeks = 2,000 patients per year †¢Additional revenue per year = 2,000 extra patients * ($450 surgical fees / patient + 20% of patients receiving $75 general anesthetic) = 2000 * (450 + . 2 * 75) = $930,000 Pro: Additional capacity brings return on investment of approximately 46% ($930,000/$2MM investment), i. e. profitable and sound investment.Cons: With the additional capacity, the hospital might need to make scheduling changes, such as maximizing the 5 days/week scheduling w/ each doctor, and the nurses might not be able to spend as much one-on-one time with patients as they had used to, which goes against their track record in developing good interpersonal relationships w/ the patients. Furthermore, they would need to increase general operating expenses to cover increased number of patients, such as more kitchen staff, more housekeeping staff, etc. c. Schedule Saturday Operations (would need to use 14 hostel rooms to accomodate)†¢New Theoretical Capacity= 177 patients / week oThe new addition would increase theoretical capacity by 20% from 148 to 177 patients / week. †¢New Average Throughput = (137 * 177) / 148 = 164 patients / week †¢New throughput – Current throughput = 164 patients / week – 137 patients / week = +27 patients / week †¢# of additional p atients per year = 27 patients / week * 50 weeks = 1,350 patients per year †¢Additional revenue per year = 1,350 extra patients* ($450 surgical fees / patient + 20% of patients receiving $75 general anesthetic) = 1350 * (450 + .2 * 75) = $627,750 Pro: Additional capacity generates $627,750 additional revenue per year with no additional investment. Cons: Either current doctors would need to pick up an extra day on their schedule or the hospital would need to hire additional doctors to cover Saturday operations. While this is profitable and the proceeds could be used as an overtime bonus to attract doctors, this is not in line with their goal to promote an environment with regular hours, allowing doctors time to spend with their families.This is not a guarantee that doctors be enticed enough to adapt to the new schedule either. Conclusion: Based on the analysis above, I believe that the hospital should expand with the $2MM investment to add ~45 more beds. It provides an attractiv e return, and it does not compromise their current values and relationships with the doctors. If they had chosen to schedule Saturday operations, they would risk demoralizing the current workforce or sending the wrong signal that they would compromise the employees’ work-life-balance for more profit.

Memory - 757 Words

The article mentioned states that there is still controversy and studies being conducted in reference to the memory of childhood abuse. Do repressed memories actually surface at some point in time? That is the question that the researchers are addressing in this article. The research is stated as being hard to discuss because it’s not a practice to subject a victim of abuse to tests to uncover the memories. It could prove to be quite traumatic. So researchers are trying to find other ways to develop their theory. It is stated that children understand and respond to trauma very different than adults. Trauma in childhood is stated to possibly lead to problems with memory storage and retrieval processes. The first sort of analysis†¦show more content†¦The media has not helped the clinical field in that they tend to sensationalize portrayals of these types of issues. There are many instances of childhood abuse and many people who seek counseling for these types of issues. During therapy sessions, the question of memory retrieval does not enter into the equation. Most clinicians deal with their patients and help them work through their psychological issues and don’t question them as being untruths. The American Psychological Association has given the following advice to anyone seeking psychotherapy services: 1. Know that there is no single symptom that indicates a person is a victim of childhood abuse. There has been no scientific evidence that states that there are particular symptoms associated with this type of abuse. 2. Therapists should not approach recovered memories as true or false. 3. Be wary of therapists that offer instant gratification for childhood abuse issues. 4. See a licensed practitioner with experience in the area that requires help. And inquire as to the types of treatments. Finally, a competent psychotherapist will not attempt to guide or lead the conversation. They will listen to the facts as they are reported and be careful to ensure the patient lets the information flow. Competent psychotherapists do not denounce that a memory is real or falseShow MoreRelatedMemory Of Memory And Memory966 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the common issues today is if people can rely on their memories. It is not mutual knowledge for people to know how memories are formed or where they are stored. A prodigious example of how memories are constructed is in the article â€Å"Distinguishing the Neutral Correlates of Episodic Memory Encoding and Semantic Memory Retrieval† Steven Prince and the other authors report, â€Å"The way a memory is formed is by neurons in one’s brain retaining information from a certain event and delivering it toRead MoreThe Memory Of Memory And Memory1497 Words   |  6 Pagesbeings rely on their memory a lot, not only to remember s pecial events or memorise facts that have been learned but also to recall processes and routines executed on a daily basis. Memory can be defined as a system that processes information in the mind, which consists of three stages; namely encoding, storage, and retrieval (Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary, 2012). Encoding refers to the receiving and modification of an informational stimulus so that it can be embedded in the memory. Storage is theRead MoreThe Memory Of A Memory Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesRecalling a memory seems like a simple task but are you actually depicting the events how they actually happened? Understanding the process our minds undergo during memory recall has helped greatly in legal cases involving an eyewitness. People generally believe that an eyewitness report provides completely reliable evidence to a criminal case. However, Elizabeth Loftus of the University of Washington has found that when an individual recalls a memory it is not described completely as it occurredRead MoreMemory And Memory Of Memory1866 Words   |  8 PagesMemory is a vital component in our body in which shapes who we are, considering the memory is where all our knowledge and past experiences are stored. As the knowledge and past experiences we gather throughout our lifetime are irreplaceable, that is why we must ensure that our memory systems are kept in perfect condition, making sure that we put effort into enhancing our memories in keeping what we cherish the most. Researchers have shown that it is possible to use techniques to ameliorate memoryRead MoreSleep : Memory And Memory1694 Words   |  7 PagesEnhances Memory When the brain first encounters an idea, thought, image, experience, or action it works to form or encode a memory. There are many different kinds of memories that can be formed. Each must be consolidated in order to remain a stable memory. All five stages of sleep support some phase of learning and memory (Poe, Walsh, Bjorness, 2010). This article discusses the different types of memory, stages of sleep, and what occurs that potentially strengthens memory while sleeping. Memory SensoryRead MoreHuman Memory : Malleable Memory826 Words   |  4 Pages Malleable Memories Maybe people shouldnt trust their memories. Human Memories From long time ago, humans have tried to find out what memory is, and how it works. But no one thought about that will memories goes wrong. The study of human memory can be traced back 2,300 years, Aristotle first gave his understand and analysis of memory. Everyone knows that memory is an important part of our lives, but it is also one of the most elusive parts of human. If people compare life to a wonderful movie,Read MoreThe And Memory : Improving Memory Recall926 Words   |  4 PagesMnemonics and Memory: Improving Memory Recall Angela Sapir Arapahoe Community College: General Psychology 101-103 12/15/2015 â€Æ' Discovering Psychology describes memory as, â€Å"the mental processes that enable [a person] to retain and retrieve information over time.† When information is brought into the brain, it travels from the sensory memory to the short term memory. If this information is deemed important, it is then encoded and stored. In order to retrieve this information (i.e., memory) a personRead MoreMemory Of The Memory Palace Technique805 Words   |  4 PagesMemory Palaces The Memory Palace technique also known as the Method of loci (loci being Latin for â€Å"Palaces) is a method of memory enhancement which uses visualizations with the use of spatial memory, familiar information about one s environment, to quickly and efficiently recall information. [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_loci] To begin this approach it is necessary to memorize the blueprint of some building, or the arrangement of shops on a street or in a mall, or any geographical item whichRead MoreMemory And Memory Of Memory971 Words   |  4 Pagesstore and remember so many memories throughout our lifespan, in our brain? A memory is a â€Å"faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information†, but how? Memories are stored in direct braincells and brain structures, which allow us to remember our memories. Some memories can depend on one single molecule for their life long remembrance, and replay of episodes. Memories are stored in two ways, short term memory and long-term memory. These three different stages of memory allow us to take in andRead MoreMemory And Memory Of Memory1178 Words   |  5 Pages5 1/11/17 Memory Steve Jobs once said, You and I have memories longer he road that stretches out ahead. The brain is so detailed and holds so much information in every little area. There are so many things happening in the brain at once, and one of the most fascinating things would be memory. The memory has various abilities that make it so complex, including the memory system, how it functions, and memory retrieval, along with the capacity to memorize certain ideas easier Memory has different

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 905 Words

I decided to write my paper on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in children. OCD is a type of anxiety disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly. Kids with OCD become preoccupied with whether something could be harmful, dangerous, wrong, or dirty — or with thoughts that unpleasant stuff could happen. It can cause severe anxiety in those affected. Kids with OCD also might worry about things not being in order or just right. They may worry about losing things, constantly feeling the need to collect these items, even though they may seem useless to other people. It includes obsessions and compulsions that take up a great deal of time and affects your daily routine. Obsessions can be any repulsive thoughts, scary reflections, or anything that causes fear or worry. Obsessions are uncontrolled by the person who has OCD. Many people with this disorder understand their obsessions are unrealistic, but feel unable to control them. They come with feelings that things have to always be done the proper way. Some common obsessions are: 1. Dirt, germs, or contamination. 2. Making a mistake. 3. Hostile or violent thoughts. 4. Thoughts about unacceptable behavior. 5. Things that are asymmetrical or imperfect. Since the anxiety started by obsessions can be so troubling, people who suffer from OCD came up with ways to feel better. These ways are called compulsions which are attempts to lessen the torment caused byShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words   |  8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. Secondly the prevalence of the disorder will be considered. The different symptoms, behaviors and means of treatment are also important aspects that will be discussed in order to develop a clearer understanding of the implications of obsessive compulsiveRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)875 Words   |  4 Pagessevere Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that triggers people to have unwante d fixations and to repeat certain activities again and again. Everyone has habits or certain ways of doing something with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder these habits severely interrupt the way they live their lives (Familydoctor.org Editorial Staff). About one in 40 people suffer from some form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ABRAMOWITZ). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder oftenRead MoreLiving With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between both symptoms and experiences of six different authors who have been personally affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).   Since OCD is not very well understood by many members of the public (Escape), I hope that the experiences of the authors that I researched will be able to paint a vivid picture of what life with OCD is like. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves a chemical imbalance in the brain. This chemical imbalance is thought to be the main reason for obsessionsRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, affects an average 1.7% of the population according to the Stanford University School of Medicine.  Ã‚  The recognition of this psychological disorder has grown in the recent years.  Ã‚  As the knowledge of this disorder becomes more prevalent, those suffering have become more willing to seek help (OCDA).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OCD is a condition â€Å"in which people experience repetitive and upsetting thoughts and/or behaviors† (OCDA).  Ã‚  While there are many variationRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Its Effect On Life Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, involves anxious thoughts or rituals one feels and cant control. . For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essays2616 Words   |  11 Pagesis a very powerful piece of structure; it is truly limitless when speaking about its potential. With a functional organ comes a dysfunctional possibility. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, (OCD), for instance, is nervousness in the mind. OCD is an anxiety disorder caused by repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words   |  14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, OCD compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtainRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words   |  6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder â€Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. But†¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words   |  2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders

Environmental Pollution And Natural Resource Management

Our existence depends on how well we plans and implement policy through international cooperation. As our population continue to increase in the twenty-first, it will provide us with the clue about how we make sustainable plans about our future generation. Our present generation continue to consume more resources than what is presently in production, thus increasing consumption level which have created water shortages, forest depletion for urbanization, more energy consumption, and food crisis, diseases and many more environmental problems. As the result of this, a evolving of transboundary effects of environmental pollution and natural resource management, soil erosion environmental problem and degradation continues to happen as the†¦show more content†¦This examples strengthens international environmental laws and brought new developments to managing pollution across national borders. It is important to write that the establishment of an international tribunal environment al by the both countries was a unique decision. The tribunal allows both countries to settle the Trail Smelter dispute in a peaceful manner. However, it is vital to understand that International agreements and bilateral arrangements play a leading role in global efforts to protect the environment and promote a safer environmental for its residents. While these agreements promote international environmental laws and binding obligations they demonstrate efforts that strengthen international relations and cooperation between countries as well as built consensus on environmental issues globally. Although there are evidence that some countries do not sign international

Impact on the transport system due to rise - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Impact on the transport system due to rise. Answer: Introduction For every country, Infrastructure development is very important for its growth and development. Infrastructure development included the development of transportation system in the country. Transportation system can be defined as a mode which is used to move goods from one place to another. Over the period of time, the transportation system has become advanced and effective. Advancement of transport is dependent upon various factors such as lifestyle of people, population, advancement in technology, etc. (Taylor, 2015). Traffic conjunction Traffic conjunction can be described as a condition which results in slow movement of traffic. Traffic conjunction can be related to any mode of transportation but it is usually said in the context of vehicle conjunction on roads. The main reason that results in traffic conjunction is inefficient traffic management or excessive population on road than usual. In Australia, traffic conjunction can be seen during peak hours in cities like Perth, Brisbane, and Sydney. People of Australia generally uses radios, GPS, webcam etc. to avoid such traffic conjunction. Disadvantages of traffic conjunction include time wastage, air pollution, noise pollution, increase in accidents, waste of fuel resources, etc. (Jain et.al, 2012) Traffic problems due to increase in population One of the main problems with increasing traffic in the world is a rapid increase in population. As numbers of people are increasing in the world they require modes of transportation for travel. Nowadays the motor vehicles are very affordable and can be purchased by anyone with little money. This has resulted in an increase in a number of personal vehicles which ultimately results in excessive traffic on the road (Harrietet.al, 2013). Hence we can say the improved economic and financial condition of the population has also affected the traffic conjunction on the public roads. Conceptual framework Traffic management Traffic management is very important as in absence of traffic management traffic conjunction can have various negative impacts. Here we will discuss the commonly used method of traffic management in Australia. Sydney Co-ordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATs) is used to manage traffic in Australia. Adaptive Traffic control System is a technique which uses real-time data relating to traffic to decrease the stop time and prevent traffic conjunction. Traffic data is collected in SCATs with the help of local controllers installed at every intersection. The data collected by these local controllers are sent to a regional computer which is then sent to mainframe computers for traffic management (Fernando et.al, 2013). Vehicle users A private vehicle is more commonly used by people of Australia as compared to public transportation. There are nearly 13.3 million vehicles registered with the department of vehicles. Vehicle to people above driving age ratio is 1 to 1.37. That means that there is one vehicle for every 1.37 people who are above permissible driving age (Redman et.al, 2013). Public transportation is not that commonly used in Australia. Public transportation in the country includes buses, urban rail/Commuter rail, light rail, watercraft. In a research conducted to evaluate the reason for not using public transportation, the majority of people said that their time does not match with timing of public transportation. Traffic density Traffic density is a statistical term which is used to represent traffic per mile or kilometer and it is expressed in terms of the vehicle per km. it is a measure used to compare traffic in different areas and helps in traffic management. Over the last 40 year, the traffic per person in various cities of Australia has increase effectively. Traffic density is directly affected by various factors such as petrol prices, recession, unemployment rate etc. (Gargett, 2012). Population density From 2009 to 2011, the population of Australia has increased rapidly with around 400000 people increasing per year. This increase is around the size of Canberra, whose population was 357220 in the last census. It means that population of Australia is increasing per year by the population of Canberra. The reason behind this increase is natural i.e. increasing in birth rate and a decrease in death rate. This increase is expected to continue in future. The government has predicted that if the population is increased with high growth rate then the population of Australia will increase to 43 million in 2061 (Krockenberger, 2015). Literature review It is expected that by 2030, the population of Melbourne will be 5 million and it is expected to increase to 6 million in 2040. To deal with social and economic requirements of this population transportation operation of the government has evolved. It is very important to promote and develop public transportation system as this amount of infrastructural development can result in various environmental damages. Excessive road transportation can result in problems such as excessive traffic, noise pollution, air pollution, etc. Rail transportation can be alternative as it is very efficient as compared to road transportation (McGuirk Argent, 2012). In future, it is planned by the government to develop rail transportation and make the people aware of the advantages of using this transportation system. Rail transportation is a most efficient method to deal with the rapidly increasing population. Various researchers have shown that in previous years more money is spent on development of road transportation as compared to rail transportation. Therefore in future, more money should be invested in rail transportation as it is the best viable option (Lai Chen. 2011). As per researchers, 40 percent of the pollution is generated by road transportation which is very significant. But the road transportation is not expected to decrease in future. One of the biggest reasons behind this is peoples attraction toward new technologies adopted by car manufacturers. Public transportation such as buses and rail transportation will not only present environment pollution but it will also help in the prevention of natural resources (Redman et.al, 2013). We all know the fact that natural resources such as fuels are scare and such resources will extinct in future. Therefore it is our responsibility to save these resources and public transportation can be helpful in this process (Chourabi et.al, 2012). Traffic conjunction in Sydney and Melbourne is very high and it is spreading all over Australia. Traffic conjunction is so high that it is expected to have a negative impact on the overall economy of the country. In 2011, the cost of such delays has cost the country $13.4 million. This is due to the fact that such delays cost the employees in time wastage and such time could have been used by them in a productive manner. Increased traffic is expected to increase cost in future as the government has to incur the cost of environmental pollution. The government has to take serious steps in major cities like Sydney, Brisbane Perth, and Melbourne. Due to improvement in financial status and living standards of people, every person has a personal car. They prefer private transportation instead of public transportation. This trend is expected to increase in future unless some drastic improvements are done in public transport system. It is obvious that such large of a number of the card will create traffic conjunction on the road which leads to various problems for the entire world (Al-Sakran, 2015). This has increased the need for advanced and low-cost traffic navigation system to manage such increased traffic. Not only this, we also need less costly green cars or electric cars so that people can afford these cars. This can be the solution to various problems created by increased population and traffic conjunction. We have discussed the impact of traffic conjunction on the environment but it can also have a vital negative impact on the economic condition of a county. Traffic makes people late to work which create a loss of opportunity cost to these people. Traffic conjunction can also affect the efficiency and effectiveness of employee which will have a negative impact on overall performance of that organization (Sweet, 2011). Major impact on the economy due to traffic is a delay in imported goods and services which are essential for growth and development of the country. Traffic conjunction also has a serious impact on the overall health of people. There are various diseases associated with air pollution which is majorly created by traffic conjunction. Traffic is one of the biggest reasons that decrease the quality of air. Various researched have shown that chances of occurrence of airborne diseases in drivers and people living near major roadways are higher as compared to other people (Levy et.al, 2010). Methodology To determine the impact of an increase in population on transportation system we will study various reports and statistics published by the government of Australia and rest of the world. In this research, a collection of information through primary sources is impractical as it will require a large amount of time, effort, and money. Hence we will secondary sources of data collection such as public reports, statistics published by other researchers, reports of Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development etc. We will also try to collect primary source of data from 10 nearby transportation companies. From these companies, we will evaluate the increase in a number of vehicles over time and compare it with an increase in population. Sample selection will be done out of 50 transportation companies through selective sampling (Liamputtong, 2013). Gantt chart Here we will provide a timeline to our research proposal to determine total time required to compete and analyze the results of this research. Milestones table S. No Task Start Date End Date Duration (Days) 1 Project Proposal 21-Dec-17 23-Dec-17 3 2 Literature Review 24-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 8 3 Collection of information 01-Jan-18 11-Jan-18 11 4 Analysis of data 12-Jan-18 16-Jan-18 5 5 Report submission 17-Jan-18 18-Jan-18 2 Total time required 29 References Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., ... Scholl, H. J. (2012, January). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. InSystem Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 2289-2297). IEEE. Fernando, B., Gray, E., Kellner, J. (2013). A review of current traffic congestion management in the city of sydney. Gargett, D. (2012). Traffic growth: modelling a global phenomenon.World transport policy and practice,18(4), 27-45. Harriet, T., Poku, K., Emmanuel, A. K. (2013). An assessment of traffic congestion and its effect on productivity in urban Ghana.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(3). 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