Friday, December 27, 2019

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 905 Words

I decided to write my paper on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in children. OCD is a type of anxiety disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly. Kids with OCD become preoccupied with whether something could be harmful, dangerous, wrong, or dirty — or with thoughts that unpleasant stuff could happen. It can cause severe anxiety in those affected. Kids with OCD also might worry about things not being in order or just right. They may worry about losing things, constantly feeling the need to collect these items, even though they may seem useless to other people. It includes obsessions and compulsions that take up a great deal of time and affects your daily routine. Obsessions can be any repulsive thoughts, scary reflections, or anything that causes fear or worry. Obsessions are uncontrolled by the person who has OCD. Many people with this disorder understand their obsessions are unrealistic, but feel unable to control them. They come with feelings that things have to always be done the proper way. Some common obsessions are: 1. Dirt, germs, or contamination. 2. Making a mistake. 3. Hostile or violent thoughts. 4. Thoughts about unacceptable behavior. 5. Things that are asymmetrical or imperfect. Since the anxiety started by obsessions can be so troubling, people who suffer from OCD came up with ways to feel better. These ways are called compulsions which are attempts to lessen the torment caused byShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words   |  8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. Secondly the prevalence of the disorder will be considered. The different symptoms, behaviors and means of treatment are also important aspects that will be discussed in order to develop a clearer understanding of the implications of obsessive compulsiveRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)875 Words   |  4 Pagessevere Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that triggers people to have unwante d fixations and to repeat certain activities again and again. Everyone has habits or certain ways of doing something with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder these habits severely interrupt the way they live their lives (Familydoctor.org Editorial Staff). About one in 40 people suffer from some form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ABRAMOWITZ). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder oftenRead MoreLiving With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between both symptoms and experiences of six different authors who have been personally affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).   Since OCD is not very well understood by many members of the public (Escape), I hope that the experiences of the authors that I researched will be able to paint a vivid picture of what life with OCD is like. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves a chemical imbalance in the brain. This chemical imbalance is thought to be the main reason for obsessionsRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, affects an average 1.7% of the population according to the Stanford University School of Medicine.  Ã‚  The recognition of this psychological disorder has grown in the recent years.  Ã‚  As the knowledge of this disorder becomes more prevalent, those suffering have become more willing to seek help (OCDA).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OCD is a condition â€Å"in which people experience repetitive and upsetting thoughts and/or behaviors† (OCDA).  Ã‚  While there are many variationRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Its Effect On Life Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, involves anxious thoughts or rituals one feels and cant control. . For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essays2616 Words   |  11 Pagesis a very powerful piece of structure; it is truly limitless when speaking about its potential. With a functional organ comes a dysfunctional possibility. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, (OCD), for instance, is nervousness in the mind. OCD is an anxiety disorder caused by repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words   |  14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, OCD compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtainRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words   |  6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder â€Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. But†¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words   |  2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Environmental Pollution And Natural Resource Management

Our existence depends on how well we plans and implement policy through international cooperation. As our population continue to increase in the twenty-first, it will provide us with the clue about how we make sustainable plans about our future generation. Our present generation continue to consume more resources than what is presently in production, thus increasing consumption level which have created water shortages, forest depletion for urbanization, more energy consumption, and food crisis, diseases and many more environmental problems. As the result of this, a evolving of transboundary effects of environmental pollution and natural resource management, soil erosion environmental problem and degradation continues to happen as the†¦show more content†¦This examples strengthens international environmental laws and brought new developments to managing pollution across national borders. It is important to write that the establishment of an international tribunal environment al by the both countries was a unique decision. The tribunal allows both countries to settle the Trail Smelter dispute in a peaceful manner. However, it is vital to understand that International agreements and bilateral arrangements play a leading role in global efforts to protect the environment and promote a safer environmental for its residents. While these agreements promote international environmental laws and binding obligations they demonstrate efforts that strengthen international relations and cooperation between countries as well as built consensus on environmental issues globally. Although there are evidence that some countries do not sign international

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Impact on the transport system due to rise - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Impact on the transport system due to rise. Answer: Introduction For every country, Infrastructure development is very important for its growth and development. Infrastructure development included the development of transportation system in the country. Transportation system can be defined as a mode which is used to move goods from one place to another. Over the period of time, the transportation system has become advanced and effective. Advancement of transport is dependent upon various factors such as lifestyle of people, population, advancement in technology, etc. (Taylor, 2015). Traffic conjunction Traffic conjunction can be described as a condition which results in slow movement of traffic. Traffic conjunction can be related to any mode of transportation but it is usually said in the context of vehicle conjunction on roads. The main reason that results in traffic conjunction is inefficient traffic management or excessive population on road than usual. In Australia, traffic conjunction can be seen during peak hours in cities like Perth, Brisbane, and Sydney. People of Australia generally uses radios, GPS, webcam etc. to avoid such traffic conjunction. Disadvantages of traffic conjunction include time wastage, air pollution, noise pollution, increase in accidents, waste of fuel resources, etc. (Jain et.al, 2012) Traffic problems due to increase in population One of the main problems with increasing traffic in the world is a rapid increase in population. As numbers of people are increasing in the world they require modes of transportation for travel. Nowadays the motor vehicles are very affordable and can be purchased by anyone with little money. This has resulted in an increase in a number of personal vehicles which ultimately results in excessive traffic on the road (Harrietet.al, 2013). Hence we can say the improved economic and financial condition of the population has also affected the traffic conjunction on the public roads. Conceptual framework Traffic management Traffic management is very important as in absence of traffic management traffic conjunction can have various negative impacts. Here we will discuss the commonly used method of traffic management in Australia. Sydney Co-ordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATs) is used to manage traffic in Australia. Adaptive Traffic control System is a technique which uses real-time data relating to traffic to decrease the stop time and prevent traffic conjunction. Traffic data is collected in SCATs with the help of local controllers installed at every intersection. The data collected by these local controllers are sent to a regional computer which is then sent to mainframe computers for traffic management (Fernando et.al, 2013). Vehicle users A private vehicle is more commonly used by people of Australia as compared to public transportation. There are nearly 13.3 million vehicles registered with the department of vehicles. Vehicle to people above driving age ratio is 1 to 1.37. That means that there is one vehicle for every 1.37 people who are above permissible driving age (Redman et.al, 2013). Public transportation is not that commonly used in Australia. Public transportation in the country includes buses, urban rail/Commuter rail, light rail, watercraft. In a research conducted to evaluate the reason for not using public transportation, the majority of people said that their time does not match with timing of public transportation. Traffic density Traffic density is a statistical term which is used to represent traffic per mile or kilometer and it is expressed in terms of the vehicle per km. it is a measure used to compare traffic in different areas and helps in traffic management. Over the last 40 year, the traffic per person in various cities of Australia has increase effectively. Traffic density is directly affected by various factors such as petrol prices, recession, unemployment rate etc. (Gargett, 2012). Population density From 2009 to 2011, the population of Australia has increased rapidly with around 400000 people increasing per year. This increase is around the size of Canberra, whose population was 357220 in the last census. It means that population of Australia is increasing per year by the population of Canberra. The reason behind this increase is natural i.e. increasing in birth rate and a decrease in death rate. This increase is expected to continue in future. The government has predicted that if the population is increased with high growth rate then the population of Australia will increase to 43 million in 2061 (Krockenberger, 2015). Literature review It is expected that by 2030, the population of Melbourne will be 5 million and it is expected to increase to 6 million in 2040. To deal with social and economic requirements of this population transportation operation of the government has evolved. It is very important to promote and develop public transportation system as this amount of infrastructural development can result in various environmental damages. Excessive road transportation can result in problems such as excessive traffic, noise pollution, air pollution, etc. Rail transportation can be alternative as it is very efficient as compared to road transportation (McGuirk Argent, 2012). In future, it is planned by the government to develop rail transportation and make the people aware of the advantages of using this transportation system. Rail transportation is a most efficient method to deal with the rapidly increasing population. Various researchers have shown that in previous years more money is spent on development of road transportation as compared to rail transportation. Therefore in future, more money should be invested in rail transportation as it is the best viable option (Lai Chen. 2011). As per researchers, 40 percent of the pollution is generated by road transportation which is very significant. But the road transportation is not expected to decrease in future. One of the biggest reasons behind this is peoples attraction toward new technologies adopted by car manufacturers. Public transportation such as buses and rail transportation will not only present environment pollution but it will also help in the prevention of natural resources (Redman et.al, 2013). We all know the fact that natural resources such as fuels are scare and such resources will extinct in future. Therefore it is our responsibility to save these resources and public transportation can be helpful in this process (Chourabi et.al, 2012). Traffic conjunction in Sydney and Melbourne is very high and it is spreading all over Australia. Traffic conjunction is so high that it is expected to have a negative impact on the overall economy of the country. In 2011, the cost of such delays has cost the country $13.4 million. This is due to the fact that such delays cost the employees in time wastage and such time could have been used by them in a productive manner. Increased traffic is expected to increase cost in future as the government has to incur the cost of environmental pollution. The government has to take serious steps in major cities like Sydney, Brisbane Perth, and Melbourne. Due to improvement in financial status and living standards of people, every person has a personal car. They prefer private transportation instead of public transportation. This trend is expected to increase in future unless some drastic improvements are done in public transport system. It is obvious that such large of a number of the card will create traffic conjunction on the road which leads to various problems for the entire world (Al-Sakran, 2015). This has increased the need for advanced and low-cost traffic navigation system to manage such increased traffic. Not only this, we also need less costly green cars or electric cars so that people can afford these cars. This can be the solution to various problems created by increased population and traffic conjunction. We have discussed the impact of traffic conjunction on the environment but it can also have a vital negative impact on the economic condition of a county. Traffic makes people late to work which create a loss of opportunity cost to these people. Traffic conjunction can also affect the efficiency and effectiveness of employee which will have a negative impact on overall performance of that organization (Sweet, 2011). Major impact on the economy due to traffic is a delay in imported goods and services which are essential for growth and development of the country. Traffic conjunction also has a serious impact on the overall health of people. There are various diseases associated with air pollution which is majorly created by traffic conjunction. Traffic is one of the biggest reasons that decrease the quality of air. Various researched have shown that chances of occurrence of airborne diseases in drivers and people living near major roadways are higher as compared to other people (Levy et.al, 2010). Methodology To determine the impact of an increase in population on transportation system we will study various reports and statistics published by the government of Australia and rest of the world. In this research, a collection of information through primary sources is impractical as it will require a large amount of time, effort, and money. Hence we will secondary sources of data collection such as public reports, statistics published by other researchers, reports of Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development etc. We will also try to collect primary source of data from 10 nearby transportation companies. From these companies, we will evaluate the increase in a number of vehicles over time and compare it with an increase in population. Sample selection will be done out of 50 transportation companies through selective sampling (Liamputtong, 2013). Gantt chart Here we will provide a timeline to our research proposal to determine total time required to compete and analyze the results of this research. Milestones table S. No Task Start Date End Date Duration (Days) 1 Project Proposal 21-Dec-17 23-Dec-17 3 2 Literature Review 24-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 8 3 Collection of information 01-Jan-18 11-Jan-18 11 4 Analysis of data 12-Jan-18 16-Jan-18 5 5 Report submission 17-Jan-18 18-Jan-18 2 Total time required 29 References Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., ... Scholl, H. J. (2012, January). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. InSystem Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 2289-2297). IEEE. Fernando, B., Gray, E., Kellner, J. (2013). A review of current traffic congestion management in the city of sydney. Gargett, D. (2012). Traffic growth: modelling a global phenomenon.World transport policy and practice,18(4), 27-45. Harriet, T., Poku, K., Emmanuel, A. K. (2013). An assessment of traffic congestion and its effect on productivity in urban Ghana.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(3). Jain, V., Sharma, A., Subramanian, L. (2012, March). Road traffic congestion in the developing world. InProceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computing for Development(p. 11). ACM. Krockenberger, M. (2015).Population growth in Australia. Australia Institute. Liamputtong, P. (2013).Qualitative research methods. McGuirk, P., Argent, N. (2011). Population growth and change: implications for Australia's cities and regions.Geographical Research,49(3), 317-335. Redman, L., Friman, M., Grling, T., Hartig, T. (2013). Quality attributes of public transport that attract car users: A research review.Transport Policy,25, 119-127. Redman, L., Friman, M., Grling, T., Hartig, T. (2013). Quality attributes of public transport that attract car users: A research review.Transport Policy,25, 119-127. Taylor, G. R. (2015).The transportation revolution, 1815-60. Routledge. Lai, W. T., Chen, C. F. (2011). Behavioral intentions of public transit passengersThe roles of service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and involvement.Transport Policy,18(2), 318-325. Hutchens, G. (2015), Australia's roads and rail networks will struggle to meet population growth. The Sydney Morning Herald. Al-Sakran, H. O. (2015). Intelligent traffic information system based on integration of Internet of Things and Agent technology.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA),6(2), 37-43. Sweet, M. (2011). Does traffic congestion slow the economy?.CPL bibliography,26(4), 391-404. Levy, J. I., Buonocore, J. J., Von Stackelberg, K. (2010). Evaluation of the public health impacts of traffic congestion: a health risk assessment.Environmental health,9(1), 65.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Statistics for Economics

Executive Summary Professor Steve H. Hanke is the author of the Monetary Misjudgments and Malfeasance, a Cato Journal, Vol.31, No. 3 (2011): pp. 473-484. According to Hanke, the United States policy has been characterized by monetary misjudgments and malfeasance. In spite of the fact that there were clear signs of the impeding economic crisis, the Federal Reserve officials and their counterparts in Europe were unable to alleviate the economic crisis that took place in 2008-09.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics for Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To make the matters even worse, their corrective measures turned the crisis into a panic. According to Professor Hanke, the Fed officials were mainly responsible for creating the demand bubbles (especially the market-specific ones) that disrupted the relative markets prices. In addition, both the Fed officials and their counterparts in Europe compelled commercial banks to raise their capital-asset ratios as a safety measure. For example, the Bank for International Settlements (based in Switzerland) increased the capital-asset ratio from 4% to 7% based on the bank’s risk-weighted assets. It further imposed an extra 2% surcharge in addition to the 7% requirement for largest commercial banks. The justification for this move was that commercial banks would be safer and stronger if they were heavily capitalized. On the contrary, this move distorted the money supply metrics and weakened economic growth. The money balances of commercial banks were effectively been wiped out. According to Professor Hanke, commercial banks were forced to shrink their asset bases in order to comply with the new regulation. As a result, the deposit liabilities of commercial banks’ declined significantly thereby wiping out money balances. Statistics for Economics The Federal Reserve is mainly responsible for creating market-specific demand bubb les in the US for a long time. Prior to the Lehman Brothers’ demise in 2008, the Federal Reserve not only generated aggregate demand bubble but also initiated a number of market-oriented bubbles. The Fed was in a good position to alleviate market-specific bubbles (witnessed in the commodity, equity and housing markets) by monitoring price volatility in the markets (such as adjustments in the aggregate consumer price index). Nonetheless, the Federal Reserves officials have persistently refused to take any blame for generating market-specific bubbles that led to the economic crisis in 2008. As a matter of fact, the Federal Reserve officials have proposed that commercial banks must raise their capital-asset ratios in order to stabilize their operations and prevent a similar crisis from recurring (Hanke 473). Aggregate demand bubble occurs when the Fed’s negligence permits aggregate demand to rise too fast. In other words, an aggregate demand is created when nominal final sales to buyers in the United States surpass nominal growth rate (consistent with modest inflation) by a large amount.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the two-decade reign of Bernanke and Greenspan at the Fed, the nominal final sales rose at a 5.2% annual trend rate. This pattern reflected an inflation rate of 2.2% and real sales of 3%. Nonetheless, the annual trend rate has revealed a number of deviations. The first one started soon after Alan Greenspan was appointed the chairman of the Federal Reserve. Following the stock market crash in October 1987, the Federal Reserve released more money into the market thereby creating an aggregate demand bubble. As a result, the nominal finals sales rose by 7.5% (above the trend rate) in the following year (Hanke 474). It is worthy to note that the Federal Reserve was mainly responsible for initiating the 2008-09 aggregate dema nd bubble that led to the economic crisis. This led to the Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation targets-energy prices, absent food prices and consumer price index- increasing at modest rates. For instance, the inflation rate grew by 12.5% between 2003 and 2008 period. Although the Federal Reserve’s inflation rate did not indicate any problems, unexpected changes in key relative prices were in the making. For example, there was a surge in the housing prices (which increased by 45% between 2003 and 2006). In addition, share prices increased steadily by 66% in 2003 and reached its peak in 2008 (Hanke 475). The most remarkable price increments were apparent in the commodity market. According to the Commodity Research Bureau’s index, prices of commodities grew by 91.8% between 2003 (first quarter) and 2008 (second quarter). This remarkable increase was mainly attributed to a weak dollar (which declined by 30.4% during the same period) as well as the ensuing liquidit y cycles. A number of financial markets experts believe that the surge in the commodity prices was as a result of the decline in the value of the greenback.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics for Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the devaluation in the value of dollar precipitated a surge in commodity prices between 2002 and 2008. In addition, the prices for crude oil grew by 51% while the price for rice rose by 55.4% (Hanke 476). The comparative rise in the housing prices was an obvious sign that prices were deviating from the fundamental laws. For example, during the first decade of the 21st century, the demand for housing in the United States was approximately 1.4 million units per annum. This figure includes acquisitions of newly constructed houses as well as the refurbishment of over 290, 000 units per annum that were destroyed by floods and fire. Throughout the bubble years ( 2002-2006), housing buyers were about two million per annum. This number increased given that an extra 490,000 units of were being created every year. In reality, the prices for the new housing units should have been declining during this period. On the contrary, this was not the case as the prices grew by 45%. The Federal Reserves officials failed to spot the imminent housing bubble and take counteractive measures (Hanke 477). Following this incident, both the Federal Reserve and banking institutions engaged in the blame game as to who was responsible for the 2008-09 economic crises. The Federal Reserve officials claimed that banking institutions were undercapitalized and hence too hazardous and risky. Consequently, the Bank for International Settlements (based in Switzerland) issued new Basel III capital guidelines. These new rules were expected to raise the capital requirements of banks from the current level of 4% to 7% on the basis of their risk-weighted assets. In addition, th e Bank for International Settlements imposed an extra 2.5% on top of the 7% obligation for banking institutions that were perceived as too huge to fail. However, these new requirements are not even enough for some financial regulators. For example, the Swiss National Bank plans to enforce a mega-high 19% capital requirement on both Credit Suisse and UBS. In the US, Federal Reserve officials have also advocated for a higher capital-asset ratios for large banks (Hanke 479).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Federal Reserves and other financial regulators have successfully imposed high capital requirements on commercial banks. Since the inception of 2008-09 financial crises, US banks have been compelled to raise their capital-asset ratios in expectation of Basel III. The Federal Reserve has applauded this move arguing that a higher capital-asset ratio will make the commercial banks safer and stronger. However, some experts believe this is not a wise decision. They argue that commercial banks can raise their capital-asset ratios by either issuing new bank equity or by reducing their assets. If the commercial banks reduce their assets, the deposit liabilities will shrink and money balances will be wiped out. In other words, the Federal Reserve’s drive to raise the capital-assets ratios of commercial banks in order to make them stronger has had a negative impact on money balances. This move has dented the liquidity and asset prices of commercial banks (Hanke 480). Commercial ban ks can also raise their capital-asset ratio by issuing new equity. However, this method also destroys money balances. For instance, when shareholders procure newly issued bank equity, they use bank deposits to acquire new shares. As a result, this phenomenon reduces commercial banks’ deposit liabilities as well as their money balances (Hanke 481). The decision by the Federal Reserve to force commercial banks to raise their capital-asset ratios during the 2008-09 financial crises was undoubtedly a great mistake. For example, the Bank for International Settlements (based in Switzerland) issued new Basel III capital guidelines. These new rules were intended to raise the capital-asset ratios of banks from 4% to 7% on the basis of their risk-weighted assets. In addition, the Bank for International Settlements imposed an extra 2.5% on top of the 7% obligation for banking institutions that were perceived as too huge to fail. Commercial banks were thus forced to raise their capital b ase by either issuing new shares or reducing their asset base in order to comply with the new directives. Although this move probably made commercial banks stronger for a short period, it distorted money supply metrics and compromised economic growth. Works Cited Hanke H. Steve. Monetary Misjudgments and Malfeasance. Cato Journal 31.3 (2011): 473-484. This essay on Statistics for Economics was written and submitted by user Rodolfo G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.